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Installation

If you use the Doctrine PHPCR ODM Symfony Bundle, please look into the Tutorial to install the DoctrinePHPCRBundle. This documentation explains how to use PHPCR ODM outside of symfony, which requires some manual initialization.

Composer

Doctrine PHPCR-ODM should be installed through composer. The reason is that it depends on quite a few other libraries which in turn require other libraries. If you really can’t use composer in a project, we recommend you do a test installation of phpcr-odm with composer to see the dependencies and add manually everything from vendor/ to your project.

Composer is the recommended installation method for Doctrine PHPCR-ODM. Define the following requirement in your composer.json file:

{
    "require": {
        "doctrine/phpcr-odm": "*"
    }
}

Then run composer install and you are done.

PHPCR provider

Doctrine PHPCR-ODM uses the PHP Content Repository API for storage. You can force one of the available providers in your projects composer.json file “require” section by specifying one of the “suggest” libraries in the phpcr-odm composer.json

Each of the providers requires some additional setup. The following sections will briefly list how to set each of them up. Please refer to the documentation of the provider you choose for details.

Install Jackalope-Jackrabbit PHCPR provider

Jackalope-Jackrabbit uses the Java backend jackrabbit for storage.

Follow Running Jackrabbit Server from the Jackalope wiki to have the storage backend.

Bootstrap will roughly look like this:

<?php
$workspace = 'default';
$user = 'admin';
$pass = 'admin';
$repository = \Jackalope\RepositoryFactoryJackrabbit::getRepository(
                    array('jackalope.jackrabbit_uri' => 'http://localhost:8080/server'));
$credentials = new \PHPCR\SimpleCredentials($user, $pass);
$session = $repository->login($credentials, $workspace);

Install Jackalope Doctrine DBAL PHPCR provider

Jackalope Doctrine DBAL maps PHPCR to relational databases. It should support all databases that Doctrine DBAL can support.

Create the database as described in the documentation of Jackalope Doctrine DBAL.

Bootstrap will roughly look like this when using mysql as storage backend:

<?php
$workspace = 'default';
$user = 'admin';
$pass = 'admin';

$params = array(
    'driver'    => 'pdo_mysql', // or pdo_pgsql
    'host'      => 'localhost',
    'user'      => $user,
    'password'  => $pass,
    'dbname'    => 'phpcr_odm_tutorial',
);

// Bootstrap Doctrine DBAL
$dbConn = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection($params);

$repository = \Jackalope\RepositoryFactoryDoctrineDBAL::getRepository(
    array('jackalope.doctrine_dbal_connection' => $dbConn)
);
// dummy credentials to comply with the API
$credentials = new \PHPCR\SimpleCredentials(null, null);
$session = $repository->login($credentials, $workspace);

Jackalope Doctrine DBAL does currently not manage users, so the simple credentials are ignored.

Jackalope Doctrine DBAL also works with sqlite. Use the following parameters:

$params = array(
    'driver' => 'pdo_sqlite',
    'dbname' => 'odm',
    'path' => '/tmp/jackalope.db',
);

Install Midgard2 PHPCR provider

Midgard2 is a PHP extension that persists PHPCR into relational databases like SQLite and MySQL.

Midgard2 needs the migard-php5 PHP extension to run. On typical Linux setups getting the extension is as easy as:

sudo apt-get install php5-midgard2

Bootstrap will roughly look like this when using mysql as storage backend:

<?php
$workspace = 'default';
$user = 'admin';
$pass = 'password';

$params = array(
    'midgard2.configuration.db.type' => 'MySQL',
    'midgard2.configuration.db.name' => 'phpcr',
    'midgard2.configuration.db.host' => 'localhost',
    'midgard2.configuration.db.username' => 'midgard',
    'midgard2.configuration.db.password' => 'midgard',
    'midgard2.configuration.blobdir' => '/some/path/for/blobs',
    'midgard2.configuration.db.init' => true,
);
$repository = \Midgard\PHPCR\RepositoryFactory::getRepository($params);

$credentials = new \PHPCR\SimpleCredentials($user, $pass);
$session = $repository->login($credentials, $workspace);

Note that the midgard2.configuration.db.init setting should only be used the first time you connect to the Midgard2 repository. After that the database is ready and this setting should be removed for better performance.

The $user and $pass are the credentials for the PHPCR user. The ...db.username and ...db.password configuration values are used by the mysql driver of midgard to connect to the database.

Midgard can also use sqlite, with the following parameters:

$params = array(
    'midgard2.configuration.db.type' => 'SQLite',
    'midgard2.configuration.db.name' => 'odm',
    'midgard2.configuration.db.dir' => '/tmp',
    'midgard2.configuration.blobdir' => '/tmp/blobs'
    'midgard2.configuration.db.init' => true,
);

Configuration

Bootstrapping Doctrine PHPCR-ODM is a relatively simple procedure that roughly exists of four steps:

  • Installation (see above)
  • Making sure Doctrine class files can be loaded on demand.
  • Obtaining a DocumentManager instance.
  • Configuration of the Console Tool and run the register-system-node-types command

Tip

A straightforward bootstrap file sample can be found in the root folder of phpcr-odm. To use it in your project, simply copy it into your project root and adjust the path to the DoctrineAnnotations to where this file is found in your installation.

Make sure to have an autoload section for your own code in your main composer.json if your code relies on autoloading.

Class loading with composer

Autoloading is taken care of by Composer. You just have to include the composer autoload file in your project:

<?php
// Include Composer Autoload
// if this file does not exist, you forgot to run php composer.phar install
require_once __DIR__ . "/vendor/autoload.php";

Obtaining an ObjectManager

Once you have prepared the class loading, you acquire an ObjectManager instance. The ObjectManager class is the primary access point to the document mapper functionality provided by Doctrine PHPCR-ODM.

Prepare the mapping driver

In order to make PHPCR-ODM understand your documents, you need to provide mappings.

You can choose between the drivers for annotations, xml and yml configuration files. Add the respective code right after the autoloading.

See later in this chapter for more options with the mapping drivers.

Annotation Mapping Driver

use Doctrine\Common\Annotations\AnnotationRegistry;

AnnotationRegistry::registerLoader(function($class) use ($autoload) {
    $autoload->loadClass($class);
    return class_exists($class, false);
});
AnnotationRegistry::registerFile(__DIR__.'/vendor/doctrine/phpcr-odm/lib/Doctrine/ODM/PHPCR/Mapping/Annotations/DoctrineAnnotations.php');

$reader = new \Doctrine\Common\Annotations\AnnotationReader();
$driver = new \Doctrine\ODM\PHPCR\Mapping\Driver\AnnotationDriver($reader, array('/path/to/your/document/classes'));

XML Mapping Driver

$driver = new \Doctrine\ODM\PHPCR\Mapping\Driver\XmlDriver(array('/path/to/your/xml-mapping/files'));

YML Mapping Driver

This needs your project to require symfony/yaml in composer.json:

$driver = new \Doctrine\ODM\PHPCR\Mapping\Driver\YamlDriver(array('/path/to/your/yml-mapping/files'));

Quick Configuration Example

$workspace = 'default';
$user = 'admin';
$pass = 'admin';

/***** transport implementation specific code begin *****/

/* --- see above for sample bootstrapping code of other repository implementations --- */

$params = array(
    'driver'    => 'pdo_mysql',
    'host'      => 'localhost',
    'user'      => $user,
    'password'  => $pass,
    'dbname'    => 'phpcr_odm_tutorial',
);
$dbConn = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection($params);
$parameters = array('jackalope.doctrine_dbal_connection' => $dbConn);
$repository = \Jackalope\RepositoryFactoryDoctrineDBAL::getRepository($parameters);
$credentials = new \PHPCR\SimpleCredentials(null, null);

/***** transport implementation specific code  ends *****/


$session = $repository->login($credentials, $workspace);

/* prepare the doctrine configuration */
$config = new \Doctrine\ODM\PHPCR\Configuration();

$documentManager = \Doctrine\ODM\PHPCR\DocumentManager::create($session, $config);

Note

Your PHPCR implementation should document the options for the repository factory.

As you can see, the PHPCR implementation jackalope-doctrine-dbal used in this example uses a Doctrine DBAL connection to store its data in a database. You can learn more about the options for the connection in this case with the Doctrine DBAL connection configuration reference.

Configuration Options

The following sections describe all the configuration options available on a Doctrine\ORM\Configuration instance.

Proxy Directory (*REQUIRED*)

<?php
$config->setProxyDir($dir);
$config->getProxyDir();

Gets or sets the directory where Doctrine generates any proxy classes. For a detailed explanation on proxy classes and how they are used in Doctrine, refer to the “Proxy Objects” section further down.

Proxy Namespace (*REQUIRED*)

<?php
$config->setProxyNamespace($namespace);
$config->getProxyNamespace();

Gets or sets the namespace to use for generated proxy classes. For a detailed explanation on proxy classes and how they are used in Doctrine, refer to the “Proxy Objects” section further down.

Metadata Driver (*REQUIRED*)

<?php
$config->setMetadataDriverImpl($driver);
$config->getMetadataDriverImpl();

Gets or sets the metadata driver implementation that is used by Doctrine to acquire the object-relational metadata for your classes.

There are currently 4 available implementations:

  • Doctrine\ODM\PHPCR\Mapping\Driver\AnnotationDriver
  • Doctrine\ODM\PHPCR\Mapping\Driver\XmlDriver
  • Doctrine\ODM\PHPCR\Mapping\Driver\YamlDriver
  • Doctrine\ODM\PHPCR\Mapping\Driver\DriverChain

Throughout the most part of this manual the AnnotationDriver is used in the examples. For information on the usage of the XmlDriver or YamlDriver please refer to the dedicated chapters XML Mapping and YAML Mapping.

The easiest way to set up the annotation mapping is described above, in Enable annotation mapping

When you manually instantiate the annotation driver, you need to tell it the path to the entities. All metadata drivers accept either a single directory as a string or an array of directories. With this feature a single driver can support multiple directories of Documents.

Auto-generating Proxy Classes (*OPTIONAL*)

<?php
$config->setAutoGenerateProxyClasses($bool);
$config->getAutoGenerateProxyClasses();

Gets or sets whether proxy classes should be generated automatically at runtime by Doctrine. If set to FALSE, proxy classes must be generated manually through the doctrine command line task generate-proxies. The strongly recommended value for a production environment is FALSE.

Development vs Production Configuration

You should code your Doctrine PHPCR-ODM bootstrapping with two different runtime models in mind. There are some serious benefits of using APC or Memcache in production. In development however this will frequently give you fatal errors, when you change your entities and the cache still keeps the outdated metadata. That is why we recommend the ArrayCache for development.

Furthermore you should have the Auto-generating Proxy Classes option to true in development and to false in production. If this option is set to TRUE it can seriously hurt your script performance if several proxy classes are re-generated during script execution. Filesystem calls of that magnitude can even slower than all the database queries Doctrine issues. Additionally writing a proxy sets an exclusive file lock which can cause serious performance bottlenecks in systems with regular concurrent requests.

Connection Options

The $session passed as the first argument to DocumentManager::create() has to be an instance of PHPCR\SessionInterface. See the documentation of your PHPCR implementation for further options when creating the session.

Proxy Objects

A proxy object is an object that is put in place or used instead of the “real” object. A proxy object can add behavior to the object being proxied without that object being aware of it. In Doctrine 2, proxy objects are used to realize several features but mainly for transparent lazy-loading.

Proxy objects with their lazy-loading facilities help to keep the subset of objects that are already in memory connected to the rest of the objects. This is an essential property as without it there would always be fragile partial objects at the outer edges of your object graph.

Doctrine 2 implements a variant of the proxy pattern where it generates classes that extend your entity classes and adds lazy-loading capabilities to them. Doctrine can then give you an instance of such a proxy class whenever you request an object of the class being proxied. This happens in two situations:

Reference Proxies

The method DocumentManager::getReference($documentName, $identifier) lets you obtain a reference to a document for which the identifier is known, without loading that entity from the database. This is useful, for example, as a performance enhancement, when you want to establish an association to an entity for which you have the identifier. You could simply do this:

<?php
// $dm instanceof DocumentManager, $cart instanceof MyProject\Model\Cart
// $itemId comes from somewhere, probably a request parameter
$item = $dm->getReference('MyProject\Model\Item', $itemId);
$cart->addItem($item);

Here, we added an Item to a Cart without loading the Item from the database. If you invoke any method on the Item instance, it would fully initialize its state transparently from the database. Here $item is actually an instance of the proxy class that was generated for the Item class but your code does not need to care. In fact it should not care. Proxy objects should be transparent to your code.

Be aware that in this situation, you may not pass null for the $documentName as the autodetecting only works when it can actually load the document from the repository.

Generating Proxy classes

Proxy classes can either be generated manually through the Doctrine Console or automatically by Doctrine. The configuration option that controls this behavior is:

<?php
$config->setAutoGenerateProxyClasses($bool);
$config->getAutoGenerateProxyClasses();

The default value is TRUE for convenient development. However, this setting is not optimal for performance and therefore not recommended for a production environment. To eliminate the overhead of proxy class generation during runtime, set this configuration option to FALSE. When you do this in a development environment, note that you may get class/file not found errors if certain proxy classes are not available or failing lazy-loads if new methods were added to the entity class that are not yet in the proxy class. In such a case, simply use the Doctrine Console to (re)generate the proxy classes like so:

TODO: implement generating proxies!

$ ./bin/doctrine phpcr:generate-proxies

Autoloading Proxies

When you deserialize proxy objects from the session or any other storage it is necessary to have an autoloading mechanism in place for these classes. For implementation reasons Proxy class names are not PSR-0 compliant. This means that you have to register a special autoloader for these classes:

<?php
use Doctrine\ORM\Proxy\Autoloader;

$proxyDir = "/path/to/proxies";
$proxyNamespace = "MyProxies";

Autoloader::register($proxyDir, $proxyNamespace);

If you want to execute additional logic to intercept the proxy file not found state you can pass a closure as the third argument. It will be called with the arguments proxydir, namespace and className when the proxy file could not be found.

Multiple Metadata Sources

When using different components using Doctrine 2 you may end up with them using two different metadata drivers, for example XML and YAML. You can use the DriverChain Metadata implementations to aggregate these drivers based on namespaces:

<?php
use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\Driver\DriverChain;

$chain = new DriverChain();
$chain->addDriver($xmlDriver, 'Doctrine\Tests\Models\Company');
$chain->addDriver($yamlDriver, 'Doctrine\Tests\PHPCR-ODM\Mapping');

Based on the namespace of the entity the loading of entities is delegated to the appropriate driver. The chain semantics come from the fact that the driver loops through all namespaces and matches the entity class name against the namespace using a strpos() === 0 call. This means you need to order the drivers correctly if sub-namespaces use different metadata driver implementations.

Default Repository (*OPTIONAL*)

TODO: should we do that in PHPCR-ODM as well?

Specifies the FQCN of a subclass of the EntityRepository. That will be available for all entities without a custom repository class:

<?php
$config->setDefaultRepositoryClassName($fqcn);
$config->getDefaultRepositoryClassName();

The default value is Doctrine\ORM\EntityRepository. Any repository class must be a subclass of EntityRepository otherwise you got an ORMException

Setting up the Console

Doctrine uses the Symfony Console component for generating the command line interface. You can take a look at the bin/phpcr script for inspiration how to setup the cli.

If you installed Doctrine PHPCR-ODM through Composer, then the phpcr script is available to you in the bin-dir, by default at vendor/bin/phpcr.

See the next chapter on what the console provides you.

Register system node types

PHPCR ODM uses a custom node type to track meta information without interfering with your content. We provide a command that makes it trivial to register this type and the phpcr namespace.

$ php bin/phpcr doctrine:phpcr:register-system-node-types

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